Shall Computing :
A shall is a software program that are design to help the user to interact with the computer operating system, user and programmer use the shall to give the instruction to computer to perform some operations. Basically shall is a command based interface which take only instruction in a text format.
Shall scripts or shall programming is little bit confusing and complex as we do in computer programming language, shall scripts is much powerful to perform any operation through the computer and can give sensitive instruction to computer that may be not possible if we do the same thing through GUI.
Shall basically comes in Linux or Unix Operating system in the form of command line editor such as "TERMINAL, VIM, GEDIT or NANO " editor. Shall is a Unix based program that allows the user and developers to write their query in terminal.
Shall common startup:
A). For Linux/Unix:
B) For Windows 7,8,10,11.
%programdata%\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup
2.) Via Open shall though shortcut,Run window, press "Windows + R "key and type "shell:common startup" and hit Enter.
☆》 What is kernel:
The kernel is so named because—like a seed inside a hard shell—it exists within the OS and controls all the major functions of the hardware, whether it’s a phone, laptop, server, or any other kind of computer. Kernel is a software program are are very close to hardware, every operation is executed in computer system after passing from the kernel. In computing the kernel is a computer program that is the core of a computer’s operating system, with complete control over everything in the system. Kernel program always been running in memory during starting to shutdown. Kernel is responsible to establish communication between peripheral devices and to hardware.
Web browsers and files—are known as the user space. These applications interact with the kernel through a system call interface (SCI). The kernel is often one of the first programs loaded up on start-up before the boot loader
The kernel has 4 jobs:
- Memory management: Keep track of how much memory is used to store what, and where
- Process management: Determine which processes can use the central processing unit (CPU), when, and for how long
- Device drivers: Act as mediator/interpreter between the hardware and processes
- System calls and security: Receive requests for service from the processes
Linux machine as having 3 layers:
- The hardware: The physical machine—the bottom or base of the system, made up of memory (RAM) and the processor or central processing unit (CPU), as well as input/output (I/O) devices such as storage, networking, and graphics. The CPU performs computations and reads from, and writes to, memory.
- The Linux kernel: The core of the OS. (See? It’s right in the middle.) It’s software residing in memory that tells the CPU what to do.
- User processes: These are the running programs that the kernel manages. User processes are what collectively make up user space. User processes are also known as just processes. The kernel also allows these processes and servers to communicate with each other (known as inter-process communication, or IPC).
☆》What is Terminal :
Terminal is a type of editor allows us to execute the Advance level instruction and make changes in the interior part of the operating system tha can't be possible through GUI. It is also known as command line or consol. Terminal allows us to install / uninstall softwares, change the permission of the files- folders- and directory. Terminal is also used to execute the programming language code such as Python code, Java code, C++ Code, and much more. The word "terminal" comes from early computer systems that were used to send commands to other computers. Terminals often consist of just a keyboard and monitor, with a connection to another computer.
How do I open a terminal:
Open the Dash (Super Key) or Applications and type
terminal.
Use the keyboard shortcut by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T.
For older or Ubuntu versions: (More Info)
Applications → Accessories → Terminal
Alternative names for the terminal:
- Console
- Shell
- Command line
- Command prompt
Advantages of Terminal:
It can be much faster to complete some tasks using a Terminal than with graphical applications and menus. Another benefit is allowing access to many more commands and scripts.
A common terminal task of installing an application can be achieved within a single command, compared to navigating through the Software Centre or Synaptic Manager.
For example the following would install Deluge bittorrent client:
sudo apt-get install deluge
Back in the day, a Terminal was a screen+keyboard that was connected to a server. Today, it is usally just a progam.
