2022 MDU BCA 1st-Sem Computer and Programming Fundamentals(CPF) Question Paper with Solution.
Q1. Write a short note on following:
(i) RAM
(ii) Keyboard
(iii) Assembly Language
(iv) LAN
Answer:
1. RAM:-
RAM(Random Access Memory) is a volatile primary memory which store the data untill the system running consistently. It stores all the data of all running jobs or tasks being executing by the processor in real time. It helps to retrieve the data more frequently as compare to ROM(Read Only Memory) and secondary storage memory.
RAM capacity: All new computers use inbuilt Dynamic RAM known as DDR4 RAM, which has a storage capacity of up to 64GB. Also, capable of handling multiple tasks efficiently. The capacity of the RAM configured in the computer has a significant impact on the performance and speed of task execution.
RAM also known as Primary Memory or Main Memory, it is devided into two parts:
- Static RAM:
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Dynamic RAM:
Dynamic RAM is characterised by the ability to read and write data in real time. Dynamic RAM reads and writes data using a Capacitor and a Transistor.
Millions of tiny small cells in the DRAM memory chip store bits of information in 0 or 1. When a capacitor is charged, active, or retains data in DRAM memory, its state is changed to '1', and when it is discharged or not active, it stores the value '0'. The transistor assists in reading the capacitor and returning it to a non-active state, or vice versa.
Disadvantage:
Dynamic RAM relies heavily on capacitors to hold a bit of information but the drawback of capacitors is that it becomes empty or discharges after a few milliseconds due to which all the stored data will be lost. To overcome this limitation, the CPU or memory controller must recharge all capacitors that hold "1" before discharging.
The refresh rate of the capacitor can be thousands of times a second and runs recursively until the task/process is executed successfully. Dynamically charging or discharging the memory takes time and slows down the memory.
